Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Article Example (Hurwit) Although this in itself doesn't have to do with strict assorted variety, the truth is that such a conviction involves strict decent variety. Since there is no official state religion that can make laws as it picks, individuals can choose what they need to do dependent on different concerns. They are likewise ready to pick a religion for themselves in the event that they don't care for or have confidence in the precepts of a particular religion like the Catholic Church utilized in this model. The creator likewise examines the way that it is unlawful under United States law for an assessment absolved association like the Catholic Church to â€Å"campaign in the interest of or against a candidate.† (Hurwit) Since letting strict associations choose explicit individuals for office would fundamentally let them do what they needed with the legislature, these laws ensure that there is still opportunity of religion and in this manner strict assorted variety. The news occasion that the creator is discussing explicitly is the Catholic Churchs relationship with an agent from Rhode Island called Patrick Kennedy. Since he said he didnt like the way that they were attempting to influence the social insurance bill based on premature births, they sent him a letter advising him to quit going to chapel. Derakhshani, Tirdad. â€Å"Oh my: God doc incorporates all religions, no insights.† Philadelphia Inquirer. November 27 2009. Web. December 5 2009. This article talks about a narrative film which was shot to examine the various religions of the world and to show individuals that there is a great deal of strict assorted variety. The way that it is an American film shows that there is a ton of spotlight in the United States on the subject of strict assorted variety, and that it is a significant issue that individuals are keen on. The film, as indicated by the author of this audit, didnt

The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Essay Example

The balance of Acids by Antacids Paper An Investigation to See What Effects the Neutralization of Acids by Antacids In this analysis I will be seeing what influences the pace of response in a substance response between Hydrochloric corrosive and business stomach settling agents. I will be taking a gander at one of the Rates of response, surface zone, to check whether a littler surface region speeds up a response. The explanation that I got intrigued by this examination is that I have been experiencing horrendous heartburn recently and was thinking about what might influence the effectiveness of the tablets. Heartburn is a typical condition brought about by abundance (or excessively solid) corrosive in the stomach, utilizing acid neutralizers, generally a salt containing either an earth or soluble base metal, constantly a base, kills the corrosive in the stomach soothing agony. In substance responses particles are adjusted. This modification (and the response) is brought about by the crash of molecules. In gases and fluids, contact with solids and with one another a great many crashes happen exact moment. On the off chance that all these were effective and caused a response, at that point each response would be over in a millionth of a second. Since responses arent over in such a fast speed one can assume that not all crashes are effective. To be fruitful a crash needs to happen with enough vitality and straightforwardly. A decent similarity for this is amusement carts at a reasonable ground. A looking hit does little however a head on crash harms! A few things administer the pace of a response. I anticipate that as the surface zone of one of the reactants (the tablet) increments so will the paces of response. This is a result of the reasons examined previously. I set up the mechanical assembly as beneath and utilized the gear securely. 1. We will compose a custom article test on The balance of Acids by Antacids explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The balance of Acids by Antacids explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The balance of Acids by Antacids explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I broke the tablet into littler sizes according to the test requested 2. In this trial I will utilize 0. 25-M hydrochloric corrosive since acid neutralizer tablets are intended to work in our stomach, in which is hydrochloric corrosive. I was given 2M hydrochloric corrosive thus weakened 2. 5mls of corrosive in 17. 5mls of water. I found that 0. 25M corrosive works best through some primer work. 3. a) When utilizing the two littler sizes I added 15mls of the water to the powder so I didnt free any reactants. b) When utilizing bigger surface region I simply broke the tablets into their individual sizes. 4. I included the hydrochloric corrosive arrangement into the side arm tube and estimated (in mls) what amount was discharged by perceiving how much water was uprooted from the estimating tube. My outcomes were as followed: My outcomes contain one peculiar outcome. This happens in the fifth moment of the 1/4 tablet analyze. It was bound to have happened by human mistake than pollution on the grounds that the control was negative and it happens part of the way through the test, not from the beginning. This chart shows the response between 0. 25m hydrochloric corrosive and Rennie stomach settling agent tablets. As should be obvious the response begins at a consistent speed and eases back down as the response advances. This is on the grounds that the reactants are utilized right off the bat and the measure of reactant accessible close to the finish of the response is little. At the top finish of the diagram the speed of response between a 1/4 and a 1/6 is little thinking about the tremendous increment in surface region. This is on the grounds that the expansion in surface are no longer influences the pace of response; the standard does not make a difference anymore. This is normal with logical laws, for example, Hookes law. End Antacid tablets are intended to kill stomach pH to stop acid reflux and heartburn. As I would like to think my trial went very well. From my examination one can see that the littler surface territory of a reactant the more slow the response. This demonstrates my forecast and the paces of response right. The 1/6 tablet responded far faster than the entire one. There is little distinction between the littlest two sizes of tablet, this is on the grounds that the law begins not to apply. The example is that as the surface territory increments so does the pace of response, in a specific way. A bizarre outcome happened in the fifth moment of the 1/4 tablet, however it think it was because of human blunder, instead of defilement. I accept that defilement would have influenced the entire test, and it would have stood apart structure different outcomes, having either a quicker or more slow response rate than the others. The best spot to test the tablet would be in the stomach, as this is the place the tablets are intended to work, it is fascinating to check whether the catalysts in the stomach help or hinder the response, despite the fact that I figure it would have little effect as the compound present in the stomach, protease, is intended to separate protein into amino acids, accordingly would do little to catalyze the balance of stomach corrosive. To acquire results nearer to those which would happen in the stomach, the test would need to occur at 32i c. I would anticipate that the response should happen at a quicker rate, in light of the fact that the particles would be moving quicker (this point is clarified in further detail before in this report). The most ideal approach to get results like those that would happen in the stomach would be a PC recreation, along these lines I could set the testing condition how I needed without acquiring a stomach.

Art Movements Analysis Essay Sample

Art Movements Analysis Essay Sample The history of art is characterized by the change of different styles and directions. There are lots of styles and art movements. They do not have clear boundaries, smoothly pass one into another and are in continuous development, confusion and opposition. Since the Middle Ages, Europe has become culture and art center. The second half of the 17th century was marked by the flowering of the Baroque, which subsequently led to the emergence of other art movements including Romanticism. Many of the styles in art coexist simultaneously. Analysis of the formation and transformation of Western European art reveals common features and peculiarities of art styles. Depending on the social and economic basis of society, different styles arose and developed. Historical and social changes in society, such as Counter- Reformation, became the background for Baroque. This style is associated with the church and aristocratic culture of that time. The main goal is the glorification of life and the reality of being. To maintain the status of religion and the church, art exalted monarchs, nobility, and faith. At the same time, it reflected the ideas about the complexity, diversity, and variability of the world. Art served as an expression of beauty, grace, and faith. The most characteristic features of baroque are a dramatic use of color and dynamism. Depictions are direct, emotionally persuasive, physically and psychologically real. The art should inspire the viewer to the spiritual imagination. Emotional intense is achieved through contrasts between light, dark and shadow. The baroque feature is extravagant settings and ornamentation. Through the centuries, mankind developed and changed. In accordance with the progress and needs of society, art acquired new directions and forms. Romanticism arose in the late 18th until the first half of the XIX century. The background for Romanticism was an industrial revolution and a departure from biblical themes and the church. Romanticism is an aesthetic revolution. It`s characterized by the assertion of the self-worth of the spiritual and creative life of the individual, depicting strong passions and characters, spiritualized and healing nature. Romantics glorified a life filled with deep feeling, spirituality, and free expression. They also extolled the value of human beings. The main differences between Baroque and Romanticism are based on the social factors of society and the goals of creating art objects. Baroque artists tried to inspire their contemporaries in faith. They created art in the motion with a clear and realistic scene to produce drama, tension, and exuberance. Romantic artists evoke to rural life, the knowledge of the mysteries of being, and the greatness and unbridled nature. They concerned on individual uniqueness and self-expression. The romantic art is usually more heroic, dreamy and immersive in the mystery. Artists used different methods and materials to create art objects, but both styles of art inspire and involve the observer. Baroque and Romanticism existed in different centuries. The characteristics of each style are determined by the influence of social classes, scientific and industrial development, the needs of man and the community as a whole. As an earlier art movement, Baroque contributed to the advent of subsequent trends including Romanticism. Baroque represents tradition and spirituality, while Romanticism is a deeply-felt style which is individualistic, exotic, beautiful and emotionally wrought. Contemplating the existing art objects, artists could inherit the characteristics of the style or oppose their presentation in accordance with new conditions of the era.

The American Dream Is Overrated Essay - 1093 Words

The â€Å"American Dream† is overrated. Let’s just face it, it is dead. Not only is this a dream that is almost lusted after by many Americans, this is a widely desired illusion that is far out of reach for most working class people. The American Dream is more than the lifestyle of white picket fences that hold backyard barbecues with your neighbors. It’s earning a living wage that creates a comfortable quality of life, having the security of retirement, and giving your children the opportunity to live a successful life. The American Dream doesn’t run on magic and fairy dust, it is fueled by hard-earned American dollars, persistence, and hope. Most modern, working class families can’t expect to receive a reasonable income to cover things such as medical expenses and emergencies. With that said, the stay-at-home parent trying to reach the goal of a perfect oasis is even more taboo. It’s hard to achieve this â€Å"dream†, when youâ€℠¢re the only breadwinner in your household. Parents can no longer live comfortably, and in some cases even survive, on one person’s income. The costs of homes, transportation, and education combined with incredibly low wages often leaves families in a crippling financial situation, making it virtually impossible to, â€Å"keep up with the Jones’s.† Speaking realistically, most people live in the moment. We focus on things happening in our lives now. Life itself is a constant quest for happiness and security in a world that is very often uncertain, and evenShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe World of Imagination Dreams are an escape from reality to a world of imagination that is ideal for someone. However, we get overwhelmed with our fantasies, we lose touch with reality. In the text, â€Å"Is The Great Gatsby the Most Overrated Literary Novel of All Time,† Daniel Honan argues that the classic American novel, The Great Gatsby is an overrated novel in his opinion. 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People all around the world immigrated to America to seek quick wealth, which was predominately seen in the new Modern era. Beginning in the late 1800s to the early 1900s, the period introduced progressive ideas into society and the arts. Accompanying these ideas was a loss of faith in the American Dream and the promise America once guaranteed, especially after WorldRead MoreCasestudy785 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica: Dream It. Build It. Drive It. | Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black. Henry Ford | | Sheju Sajan Koruth, REG NO: PA1227 | 9/20/2012 | | ABTRACT: BMW one of leading car manufacturing company at United States introduced a new market strategy in order to increase the sales of customized vehicles. But introducing of new marketing â€Å"Dream it. BuildRead MoreThe American Dream And The Mortgage Crisis Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Patricia Ard Critical Reading and Writing 102 9 November 2016 The American Dream and the Mortgage Nightmare Every country’s economy is greatly impacted by the beliefs and the attitudes of its citizens; conversely, the action of the people is affected by the country’s economy. In other words, economy of a nation and character of the citizens are correlated. For instance, in the United States, the â€Å"American Dream† to own a home had a huge influence on the mortgage crisis in 2008. HoweverRead MoreLiterary Research Paper: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott1100 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Research Paper: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald is known as America’s great novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby is a classic piece of American fiction. It is a novel of triumph and tragedy, noted for the remarkable way Fitzgerald captured a cross-section of American society.†(Cliffsnotes Editor) The novel is set in New York City, more specifically in long island; East Egg and West Egg, during the prohibition era in the 1920’s and was then publishedRead MoreUnknown Citizen1356 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Modern World Social Security Number? Birth date? Nine digit telephone number starting with area code? Mothers Maiden Name? In many ways, we are simply faceless numbers to modern society, not individuals with feelings and emotions and dreams. W.H. Auden, a well-known English poet and dramatist, discusses this important theme in his poem An Unknown Soldier. Auden, being a modernist, is concerned with this modern idea of people losing their identities in the face of the changing, technologicalRead MoreBeing Born Into A Social Class1203 Words   |  5 Pagesequipped to greater the economy is a falsehood. The average American will not jump economic classes, and the stories of those who do are very rare. The media focus on big business, salaries, extravagant celebrities, and multimillion-dollar payoffs implies that this â€Å"rags to riches† society offers the same opportunities to everyone. However the general population will not change their economic status tremendously. The major class divide in American society is between the ultra wealthy and then everyoneRead MoreHenrik Ibsen’ s A Doll’s House1433 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Victorian Era at its worse as Nora Helmers unrealistic marriage falls within her grasps, leading to rebellion. Arthur Miller, on the other hand, sets forth the tragedy of the common man through the tragic hero of Willy Loman and the â€Å"American Dream† in Death of a Salesman (Shmoop Editorial Team 4). In comparison, Nora and Willy follow the ethics society put forth, but in contrast, Nora’s will leads to rebellion, whereas Willy’s dramatizing deprivation leads to conformity. Read More Emerson and Thoreau Represent American Identity1511 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast the way in which Emerson and Thoreau represent American Identity. â€Å"Identity means who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group which make them different from others,† (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Third Edition). Every individual, group and country has their own identity which makes them different from others and it shows uniqueness of oneself. Reaction against the existing philosophy takes place when there is conflict in interest amongst the philosophers

Essay On Trump Move To End Daca And Calls On Congress To Act

Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act On September 5, 2017, Michael D. Shear and Julie Hirschfeld Davis wrote the article, Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act. On this day, President Donald Trump said that he would be putting an end to the DACA Program that was created during Barack Obama’s Presidency. President Trump is now discussing the issue of revoking DACA due to his early comments in the election about immigration laws, â€Å"The announcement was an effort by Mr. Trump to honor the law-and-order message of his campaign, which included a repeated pledge to end Mr. Obama’s immigration policy, while seeking to avoid the emotionally charged and politically perilous consequences of targeting a sympathetic group†¦show more content†¦The authors are able to avoid logical fallacies by only giving out the needed information and quoting necessary people. Overall, the article gives accurate information that readers will find necessary about what President Trump wants to do with the DA CA program. The authors are able to incorporate both stances on the DACA issue, by doing this, they are able to prevent strong or discernible biases of the topic. Shear and Davis included both stances by quoting opposing people’s opinions. For example, they quoted President Donald Trump, who intends to revoke DACA, he says that the reason for his concern about DACA is, â€Å"the millions of Americans victimized by this unfair job system.† But the authors also quote former President Barack Obama, who helped create the DACA program, when he heard of Trump’s plan he stated, â€Å"Whatever concerns or complaints Americans may have about immigration in general, we shouldn’t threaten the future of this group of young people who are here through no fault of their own, who pose no threat, who are not taking away anything from the rest of us.† The quotes are able to give the reader an unbiased perspective of the topic. Criticism is only shown in the article when the aut hors quote other people, either criticizing DACA or criticizing the people trying to revoke it. Donald Trump and Jeff Sessions criticize DACA, but Mark Zuckerberg, Marielena Hincapie, and

Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Free Essays

How the video was a good example of a persuasive speech? The video was a good example of a persuasive essay because of its overall structure from attention-getter and visual aid to the conclusion and performance. The speaker began to start his persuasive speech talking about global warming and what we the listener can do to prevent and lower down the devastating effects of Global Warming. The speaker allowed us to know what type of speech is he exactly giving information about and told us a personal story into his life to keep the listeners engage. We will write a custom essay sample on Ozone Depletion and Global Warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now The speaker gave much information of his speech and the effects on Global Warming to today. He pursues the listeners to stand up and do something about it by including the lives of mankind into the equation of global warming saying that things would only get worst if we do not act now. The speaker had great use of visual aid, which supported his entire speech and kept the listeners engaged by showing examples and slides that helped pictured out everything for the audience instead of the listener running off with their imagery of which the speaker was talking about. He also used video clips in helping getting his points across. The speaker showed examples of the speech and Global Warming meaning and Activity such as the ultra-violet rays and the ozone layer be these such example showed in speech. He used graph to show us exactly how long Global Warming has been affecting us and it’s rate in growth. The visual aid was very useful to his persuasive speech and his performance of pursuing the audience to act. In the movie small clips had come up as the speech had progress turning out to be his attention-getter and the reason why he had chose to talk about this speech. For his attention-getter he mentioned that his son was playing on the playground and a car spiral out of control resulting in an accident. His son was on life support in the hospital. With that tragic attention-getter he managed to get his audience engaged in his speech. When he started progressing through his speech the small clips would pop up again being stated as his source and research into his own dedication of the speech. In the movie the speaker brings up three main-points in his speech, these main-points are: what is global warming, global warming affects, who’s doing what about global warming. The main points are placed well in his speech as oppose to the information being scattered. He used a great deal of information and he even involved his self into getting the information he needed by traveling where needed to back up is thesis. For example, he traveled to where the affects of global warming had taken place. He had said from his speech Japan had worst tsunamis now than they did in the past decade, in fact tsunamis constantly appeared in Japan. The structure and source the speaker used to back up his speech was overall amazing and very useful in creating a persuasive speech of my own. The speaker uses of his own knowledge of glo bal warming was very helpful and believe this is the best persuasive speech I have heard. How to cite Ozone Depletion and Global Warming, Essay examples

The Morality of Euthanasia free essay sample

â€Å"Eu thanatos† is the Greek origin for Euthanasia, which means â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia has come to mean the intentional ending of a life because the person would be better off dead. This means they’d be free from suffering. (Munns) As an existentialist, we have free will for there is no God to mandate our personal decisions and whichever decision we make we alone are responsible for. If you believe Euthanasia is moral for you under one circumstance then it is okay under all circumstances and it is moral for anyone to do it. There are four types of Euthanasia. Both passive voluntary and involuntary euthanasia involve the terminating of medication and/or life supporting means to prolong the death. However, voluntary means that the patient has either directly requested it himself or through a living will while involuntary is decided by a physician or family member. In active voluntary and involuntary euthanasia the medical personnel directly administers a lethal injection. We will write a custom essay sample on The Morality of Euthanasia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The definitions for voluntary and involuntary still apply. (Rachels, 173) All types of euthanasia should be legal because we have the right to make our own decisions. For passive euthanasia, we have the right to refuse treatment for it is our free will and only we alone are faced with the consequence of our action. Therefore, one can also decide for us in the case we are in an unconscious state to remove us from any sort of treatment. If we allow passive euthanasia, then active euthanasia should also be allowed. In both scenarios, the physician is preventing the patient from prolonging his life whether by direct or indirect means. (Boss) Rachels used an example in his article about a six-year-old boy. In one scenario, his cousin Smith kills the child in the tub because he would get a large sum of inheritance if anything were to happen to the child. In the second scenario the child hits his head and drowns. His cousin Jones witnesses such occurrence, but does nothing to save him for he, too, will get a large sum of inheritance in the death of the child. Smith’s is intentional while Jones simply saw it and did nothing. How is it to say that one is moral and the other immoral? (Rachels and Boss, 187-188) If one is immoral, then both should be immoral. So if passive euthanasia is deemed moral under circumstances, active euthanasia should also be deemed moral. Since there is no God, it’s us who decide what happens to ourselves as long as we don’t physically harm others in the process. It is us who are facing the consequence of death when no other means seem enough. Some might argue that by using any sort of euthanasia we are going against God’s will. However, are we not going against God will by taking treatment for a disease that was given to us by God’s will? (Munns) When we start believing in a higher power and deciding for him what his â€Å"free will† would be we are renouncing our autonomy. (Boss, 180, 193-194) We have the right to euthanasia in the case of a terminal illness. If it has been decided we will not live a long life then why must we suffer our last months or days in pain and suffering? We have the right to die with dignity and without misery. (Boss, 181) Technical advances have allowed people suffering from terminal illnesses to live longer, but most of these treatments aren’t always guaranteed and often cause pain to the patient. Because of this, people have become obsessed with keeping others alive by any means, but by this all we are doing is simply experimenting for future knowledge at the patient’s own expense and misery. How is this moral? (Battin, 191) If euthanasia is acceptable for those in physical pain then it must also be allowed for those in emotional pain such as those with depression. By legalizing anything, we are also imposing regulations. Therefore, mental illnesses would be evaluated the same way as physical illnesses. Those with disabilities, which impede them from having any happiness or having any self-sufficiency, should also be allowed to qualify for euthanasia. Who is to say that one pain is more real than the other if it stops a person from being a functional member of society? (Munns) Other reasons why people with physical or mental illnesses should have the option of euthanasia is in the case of becoming a burden to the family. Why does the family have an obligation to care for someone who is nothing but an expense and time occupier in their lives? By making the conscious choice to have euthanasia performed on ourselves we are choosing what is best for ourselves as we are alleviating from pain as well as doin g what’s best for the caretaker. Many terminally ill patients aren’t offered palliative care and a national survey discovered that â€Å"59% of people gave the quality of end-of-life care a fair or poor rating when it comes to making sure patients were as comfortable and pain free as possible at the end of life†. (Boss, 181) This is mainly due to Westerner’s fear of drug addiction and abuse. (Boss, 181) So if we don’t even have the means to make the last moments of someone’s life comfortable, why are we forcing laws that make them suffer through it? Rachels argued that while euthanasia in general should be legalized, active is preferable because the point is to alleviate pain. When passive euthanasia is involved, we are stopping medication that not only prolongs death, but sometimes prolongs pain as well. So while we may die sooner, we are suffering which is a cruel thing to allow someone to endure. For this reason, active is the more humane choice keeping in mind that both types of euthanasia bare the same action and consequence from the patient and physician. (Rachel and Boss, 185-189) In conclusion, we have the right to euthanasia if we are terminally or mentally ill. Regulations would take place to make sure that the person truly has no chance of recovery and is better off dead in either situation. If passive euthanasia is allowed, then we should allow active euthanasia for not only do the same morals apply, but also it’s more humane than passive euthanasia. By choosing euthanasia as a moral act, I am speaking for ev eryone as well. Not only that, but by choosing euthanasia as acceptable, I am accepting all types of euthanasia and for any medical reason that impedes a person from living a happy life. References Boss, Judith. (2012) Analyzing Moral Issues (5ed.). Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Impacts of acidic deposition

Impacts of acidic deposition Introduction There is an increasing danger of acidic deposition associated with the booming industrialization at the global level. Acidic deposition is considered as a form of threat to both the ecosystem and the human life. From an ecological perspective, acidic deposition can impose a harmful effect to the purity of water bodies and a threat to the survival of vegetation forms such as forests (Brimblecombe Hiroshi, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of acidic deposition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The principal emissions that contribute to acidic precipitation are sulfur dioxide and the various oxides of nitrogen that are as result of the burning of the fossil fuels (Gunn, 1995). The diverse effects of acidic deposition to human health and environment cannot be underestimated. For the case of the environment, acidic depositions can result to the acidification of water bodies, impose damage to plan ts and harm aquatic life (Caroll, 1990). The contributing factors towards acidic depositions can be attributed both natural factors, which are somewhat uncontrollable, and human factors such as factories, which form one of the largest contributors of the pollutants that result to acidic deposition (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). The significant challenge is that economic sustenance in the current times requires the involvement in human activities that can impose acidic deposition. Irrespective of this, addressing the problem imposed by the acidic deposition can be implemented through the adoption of effective human lifestyle that is characterized by a less reliance on the fossil fuels and an adoption of more renewable forms of energy (Environment Ontario, 2002). Statement of aim The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the major contributing factors to the increasing levels of acidic deposition. The paper will also discuss the barriers towards the resolution of the problem of the acidic deposition. In addition, the paper will also provide an overview of the various ways through which the issue of acidic deposition can be addressed. Case study to analyze the impacts of acidic deposition The Global Environmental Change associated with acidic deposition will be further illustrated using a case study: the environmental changes by heavy industries in the Greater Sudbury, Ontario. This paper will evaluate the increasing levels of industrialization and then the outcome on the environment due to the economic boom associated with the increasing industrialization on the region. In addition, the paper will analyze the various ways through which the government was able to reverse the environmental impacts of acidic deposition in the area.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overview of Acidic Deposition Acidic deposition, sometimes known as acid rai n usually takes place when the emissions because of the burning of the fossil fuels and emissions from industries are subjected to complex chemical processes within the atmosphere, which is then precipitated back to the earth as either wet or dry deposition. Wet deposition is usually in the form of rainfall, cloud, snow or fog. Dry deposition is in form dry particles of gas or particles (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Rainfall and snow are usually acidic, but the case is considered severe when the pH levels are less than five. The main chemical compositions that contribute to acidic deposition are SO2 and NOx. When the two compounds undergo a chemical reaction with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and sunlight, the outcome is sulfuric acid and nitric acids, which are the core chemical agents that impose acidic deposition. Chemical compounds that are airborne can propagate over long distances; therefore, their effect can be spread over large areas and locations that are located at longer distances from the emission sources (Gunn, 1995). Causes of acidic deposition The causes of acidic deposition can be broadly classified into natural causes and human factors that result to the production of the chemical compounds that can cause acidic precipitation. The main natural factors that that contribute to the production of gases that can result to acidic precipitation are the emissions that come from the volcanoes. A typical example of this scenario is the fumaroles that are from the Laguna Caliente crater of the Poas Volcano, which is responsible for high levels of acidic precipitation with a pH level of 2 (Jacobson, 2002). This can result to the clearing of the adjacent vegetation, cases of eye irritations and respiratory problems. Biological processes that take place on land and oceans can also result to acid producing chemical compounds. The principal source of compounds that contain sulfur is dimethyl sulfide. Nitric acid is a major requirement for plant lif e and is normally generated by instances of electrical processes in the atmosphere; for instance, lightning. Glacial ice is also a source of acidic deposits. In addition, soils found in coniferous forests have been found be acidic naturally (Keller et al, 1977). Human activity is also major contributing factor to the production of acid generating compounds in the atmosphere. The most form of pollution that causes acidic precipitation is from coal power plants. In fact, the pollutants from factories can cause acidic precipitation over a large area of geographical scope because the emissions are transported to far regions before being precipitated as rain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of acidic deposition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another human activity that plays a significant role in the production of acidic nitrogen compounds to the atmosphere is livestock production, owing to the fact that it a m ajor source of ammonia, which contributes majorly towards the availability of acid rain (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). It is arguably evident that the both human and nature are responsible for the causation of acidic deposition. However, it is estimated that anthropogenic factors account for twice of the amount of the airborne acid (Environment Ontario, 2002). The underlying argument is that human population constitutes of approximately two thirds of the anthropogenic population, implying that humans have the ability to minimize the impacts of acidic deposition (Tamra Reyes, 2009). Effects of Acidic deposition Acidic deposition has adverse effects on the water bodies, soils, forests and other vegetation, aquatic life, spoiling building and severe effects on human health. The impacts of the acidic deposition are normally evident around areas that are characterized by intense industrialization. The following are some of the adverse effects of acidic deposition to the enviro nment and human life (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Acidic deposition is responsible for having adverse effects on the aquatic life and altering the chemical composition of surface waters. Low pH values and high amounts of aluminum in surface waters are because of acidic deposition, which can be a threat to marine life. A pH that is less than 5 makes it difficult to aquatic life and result to a reduction in the biodiversity of the water bodies as more acidic conditions are induced. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), acidic deposition is responsible for about 75 per cent of the acidic lakes and 50 per cent of streams that are acidic in nature. The second effect of acidic deposition is that it affects the chemical composition of soils and the soil biology. Microorganisms in the soil that cannot tolerate low levels of pH are killed by acidic deposition, which in turn affects soil nutrition and its ability to host plants and microorganisms. This is a poss ible explanation why forests are gradually facing extinction in industrialized regions. This is because acidic deposition causes the production of toxic aluminum and a reduction in the levels of calcium, resulting to tree growth that is stunted. In addition, only species that can tolerate high acidity levels can survive in soils that are subjected to acid rain (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A reduction in the amounts of forests due to acidic deposition implies that there will be more carbon dioxide and less oxygen in the atmosphere, resulting to an imbalance in the atmosphere and the prospects of global warming. Chemicals that are airborne are usually toxic are harmful to the health of animals that rely in the air in the atmosphere for survival. Acid deposition also affects the human health by imposing respiratory problems that are evident through lung irritation because of dry acidic deposits. Eye irritations are also an effect of acidic deposits. Buildings and other structures are vulnerable to corrosion from acidic deposits (Environment Ontario, 2002). It is projected that a 50 percent reduction in the emissions that are responsible for the production of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide will be enough to facilitate the restoration of the environmental equilibrium. This goal is difficult to realize without the implementation of appropriate strategies and approac hes. Impacts of acidic deposition imposed by the environmental changes by heavy industries in the greater sudbury, Ontario Overview Air quality in has been a subject of contention in the City of Greater Sudbury due to the fact that the city is one of largest metal smelting places in the world. The City of Greater Sudbury is famous for its high emissions of sulfur dioxide, which is greatly associated with acidic deposition (Environment Ontario, 2002). The extent to which the landscape of the area has been damaged by acidic deposition and the efforts adopted by the government of Ontario and industry makes the City of Greater Sudbury a perfect case study for understanding the impacts of acidic deposition and the effectiveness of the recovery process (Environment Ontario, 2002). Over the course of its existence, the city has been a perfect example of the extent to which human activities can result to acid deposition and its aftermath as evident by instances of industrial barrens, lakes that have been damaged by acid deposition and the tallest super tack in the world being found in the area. Despite of this, environmental recovery has been attempted with the primary intention of restoring the air quality in the City of Greater Sudbury. The following section outlines the impacts of acid deposition in the area (Keller et al, 1977). Impacts of acid deposition in the city of Greater Sudbury The chemical composition of the lakes found in the city of Greater Sudbury is a clear indication of the level through increased industrialization imposes acidic deposition and the respective impact on the water bodies of the adjacent environs. The most significant industrial stress that the industries found in the city impose on the water bodies are increased erosion, acidic deposition and cases of metal contamination, which are significantly attributed to the high number of mining and logging factories in the region. As a result, acidic deposition in the city is responsible for aff ecting the water quality and aquatic life in the lakes that are found within the city. A notable impact of acidic deposition in the area is that it increases the acidic levels of the surface water, which in turn raises the solubility of toxic metals and affect the organic composition of the soils, making it difficult for the soil in the region to sustain vegetation in order to foster a balance in the atmosphere. Acid deposition in the area has also affected the regenerative capability of vegetation in the area. The City of Greater Sudbury receives rain that has acidity levels that are twice the amount that forests can withstand. The outcome of this is forest depletion in the city because acid deposition has a significant effect on the soil nutrients. The impacts of acid deposition can be reversed, although they may take a long time to restore the acidity levels that are not harmful for the sustenance of an ecosystem (Tamra Reyes, 2009). The approach identified to address Acidic dep osition The identified plan of approach towards addressing the issue of acidic deposition is through fostering the adoption of more renewable forms of energy, so that that there will be minimal reliance on fossil fuel, which are major contributors of the sulfur dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen to the environment. In addition, it is important to regulate the amount and the kind of emissions that factories emit to the environment. Other strategies that can be adopted in order to address acidic deposition include coal washing with the objective of elimination of sulfur before combustion, the use of alternative power plants and the overall reduction in the consumption of energy (Gunn, 1995). The outcome of the implementation of the above strategy is the containment of the waste from factories, which involves the use of water treatment strategies in order to reduce the level of metal concentrations and acidity levels before industrial water is released to the environment. With this res pect, it is the responsibility of local authorities and the obligation of such factories to ensure that they adopt water treatment plans to address the issues that are likely to increase acid deposition. Environmental management strategies are not effective without the aspect of public awareness and their involvement towards the same. Public awareness plays an important role in ensuring that the people have an understanding of the environmental stress regarding the air and water quality of their environment. As such, local authorities must implement programs that encourage the people to be more cautious towards the importance of environmental awareness (Gunn, 1995). Analysis of the adopted strategy The methods outlined in the plan of approach for addressing the problem of acidic deposition are viable and can be used for reducing the amount of acid-contributing substances in the atmosphere. However, they all have their strengths and limitations, and the effectiveness of the methods d epends on the tradeoff between their advantages and disadvantages. Coal washing with the aim of removing sulfur prior to combustion is vital in the elimination of acidic deposition, has a significant challenge in the sense that it results to the generation of polluted water. On the hand, using fuel alternatives is an expensive strategy and requires adequate time for its effective implementation. Any approach that requires a reduction in energy consumption and adoption of alternative forms of energy requires a complete overhaul of the energy policies in Canada. However, the basic argument is that a reduction in energy consumption, adoption of renewable sources of energy as alternative forms of energy combined with the strategy of emissions control is the best approach towards the elimination of human factors that result to acid deposition. In addition, it is important that new solutions have to be developed constantly to address the increasing problem of acid deposition (Caroll, 1990 ). Conclusion Acidic deposition is an increasing global environmental change that requires the deployment of appropriate strategies in order to contain its impacts. It is arguably evident that the acidic deposition affects the chemical composition of the ecosystem, threatens the sustenance of the aquatic life, forests, and the biological and chemical composition of the soil and affects human health. It is also notable that human activities are a major contributing factor towards acidic deposition; as such, any approaches that should be implemented to contain acidic deposition should be centered towards the regulation of human activities. The suggested approaches include the adoption of alternative forms of energy that are renewable, reduction of energy consumption and increasing people awareness towards environmental conservation. References Brimblecombe, P., Hiroshi, H. (2007). Acid Rain Deposition to Recovery. New York: Springer. Caroll, E. J. (1990). International environmental diplomacy: the management and resolution of transfrontier environmental problems. New York: CUP Archive. Environment Ontario. (2002). Air Quality in Ontario, 2001 Report. Ontario: Environment Ontario. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008). Effects of Acid Rain Surface Waters and Aquatic Animals. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects-acid-rain#health Gunn, J. (1995). REstoration and Recovery of an industrial region, Progress in restoring the damaged landscape near Sudbury, canada. New York: Springer-Verlag. Jacobson, M. Z. (2002). Atmospheric pollution: history, science, and regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Keller, W., Pitblado, R. J., Conroy, N. I. (1977). Water Quality Improvements in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada area Related to Reduced Smelter Emissions. Water, Air and Soil Pollution , 31 (3-4), 765-774. Tamra, G., Reyes, O. (2009). Carbon trdaing How it works and why it fails. Critical currents , 7, 10-56.

Aqueous Solution Definition in Chemistry

Aqueous Solution Definition in Chemistry Aqueous solution definition: An aqueous solution is any solution in which water (H2O) is the solvent.  In a chemical equation, the symbol (aq) follows a species name to indicate it is in aqueous solution. For example, dissolving salt in water has the chemical reaction: NaCl(s) → Na(aq) Cl-(aq) Although water is often called the universal solvent, it dissolves only substances that are hydrophilic in nature. Examples of hydrophilic molecules include acids, bases, and many salts. Substances that are hydrophobic do not dissolve well in water and tend not to form aqueous solutions. Examples include many organic molecules, including fats and oils. When electrolytes (e.g., NaCl, KCl) dissolve in water, the ions allow the solution to conduct electricity. Nonelectrolytes like sugar also dissolve in water, but the molecule remains intact and the solution is not conductive. Aqueous Solution Examples Cola, saltwater, rain, acid solutions, base solutions, and salt solutions are examples of aqueous solutions.   Examples of solutions that are not aqueous solutions include any liquid that does not contain water. Vegetable oil, toluene, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, and solutions made using these solvents are not aqueous solutions. Similarly, if a mixture contains water but no solute dissolves in the water as a solvent, an aqueous solution is not formed. For example, mixing sand and water does not produce an aqueous solution.

Situational Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Situational Leadership - Assignment Example This model portrays leadership as to having two dimensions. They said that these dimensions were; leaders who were task oriented and leaders who were relationship oriented. The leaders who were relationship oriented laid more emphasis on their relationship with their followers. They tend to create a good working environment by enhancing good relations and follower appreciation. On the other hand is the task oriented leaders who will stop at nothing to achieve their goals or accomplish their professional duties. This meant they are solely determined to perform their tasks irrespective of their relations with the followers This model categorized follower maturity in to four levels. The levels were; the high maturity, moderate maturity which was subdivided into two and finally the low maturity. Each of these levels was characterized by the difference in ability and willingness of an individual. Prior to that, the model had relative comparison of the relationship behavior and the task behavior. This relative comparison gave rise to four quadrants. This model was expressed diagrammatically as illustrated below. In the leadership behavior model we have the four quadrants S1, S2, S3 and S4. (S1) represents low relation and high task leadership behavior. They said that this type of behavior is where the follower character is unable and unwilling and this requires maximum supervision of performance. He referred to this as telling style. The next quadrant (S2) represents a high task high relationship leadership behavior characterized by an unable but willing follower. The situation exhibited here is where the leader gives instruction but expects clarification from the follower. Hersey and Blanchard recommend this a selling style. Quadrant (S3) represents a leadership behavior characterized by high relation and low task which corresponds to unable but unwilling follower. They said that in this situation there ought to be participation. By participation

Aviation Security Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aviation Security Development - Research Paper Example The responsibility of the act’s implementation is shared among airlines and airports. The airports’ responsibility is to ensure that only those who have authorized access to the airfield can get in. the responsibility of airlines under ASIA is to screen passengers and baggage. Most airlines normally contract the services of private security companies to carry out the screenings. Under the Airports Security Improvement Act, it is the responsibility of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate the overall activities of airports, security companies and airlines. A shift has occurred on the emphasis and need of aviation security as a response to emerging incidences in the recent past (Elias, 2009). ASIA was passed into law in an effort to accelerate the development of an efficient Explosive Detection System (EDS) as a means of enhancing security in airports and airlines. According to Price and Forrest (2008, p14), the Security Act also required FAA to certify th e EDS that could â€Å"alone or as part of an integrated system detect under realistic air carrier operating conditions the amounts, configurations, and types of explosives which would be likely to be used to cause catastrophic damage to commercial aircraft.† This means that the EDS that were certified had to have mechanisms that could detect the slightest portions of explosives in passengers and their luggage. Explosive Detecting Systems (EDS) Explosive Detection Systems are machines that have been design to work like MRIs. EDS machines are used to analyze the contents of passengers bags before they board an airplane. The explosion of the Pan Am flight in Scotland could have been avoided had there been effective explosives’ detection mechanisms in place at the airport. The explosion was caused by a minimal amount of semtex which is highly explosive plastic. The semtex was well hidden in a cassette recorder that had been packed in a travel suitcase. After this incident , all airlines were required to purchase advanced machines that could detect explosives (Price and Forrest, 2008). The best at this time was the Thermal Neutron Analysis (TNA) machine which was not effective enough to detect certain levels of explosives such as the one that caused the Pan Am flight to crush. Another problem of TNA machines was that they were quite expensive, cumbersome and too heavy. The ineffectiveness of these machines is what led to the development of explosive detection systems. EDS machines work by blowing or wiping a piece of cloth over a passenger or baggage in order to detect the smallest amounts of explosive residue (National Security Council, 1996). The use of EDS has been approved for the following reasons: To increase the resistance of aircraft to bomb blasts. EDS machines have the ability to detect very minute amounts of explosive residues, even when they are very well hidden. Since most bombs are made using explosive materials, EDS can be used to detec t and find them before they can make their way into aircrafts (General Accounting Office, 1994). The use of EDS is also approved a means of ensuring maximum security at airports. These systems are very effective in the detection of explosive material that can cause a security nightmare in airports and aircrafts (Elias, 2009). By making use of the detection machines, would be terrorists and other people with ill intentions will think twice before bringing anything that is considered insecure in

Washington Square Essay -- Argumentative Henry James Essays

Washington Square In Putt's book Henry James: A Readers Guide, he speaks in a chapter about Washington Square. Within this chapter he goes over the role that Catherine plays in the story. She ultimately chooses spinsterhood, and not to defy her father, and to be the good daughter. The theme of avoidance o f marriage, spinsterhood, is something that is focused on by James in much of his work (Putt 46). Putt dwells on the fact that the father was a cruel man, and gives extraneously long quotes from James's original text to make a small point. I think that this author would have been much more effective if he would have narrowed down his thought in this chapter. Putt touches on a lot of things concerning Washington Square, such as the intrusion of the narrator, in the second person no less, and the analysis of the novel by some Doctors out in the field. It seemed to me that Putt could have been more successful by keeping it short and sweet, and not giving brief synopsis of the entire novel. The novel, Wa shington Square, Putt says in this chapter, is not even long enough to be considered a novel. Please tell me why. Putt offers no explanation as to why he believes this is so, and really should not have put in his own two cents anyway. Once again this jump in topic indicates a real strain to try to keep up with the subject that the author wishes to discus. He asks more questions than he answers and to me that was very frustrating. If Putt was really trying to be objective, he could at least have gotten the answers he sought so that the rest of us would not have to ponder the answer for him. Putt seemed to me to be very critical of this work of James, although he does not deny that this is definitely one of James's best pieces. ... ... speaking of Morris Townsend's selfishness, both the doctor and Mrs. Montgomery admit that everyone is selfish. But the doctor proceeds to admit that he does not hide it well (one assumes the doctor does a much better job hiding his selfishness), and Dr. Sloper then admits to looking past Morris as a person: "You see I am helped by a habit I have of dividing people into classes, into types. I may easily be mistaken about your brother as an individual, but his type is written on his whole person" (James 87). This admission shows that Dr. Sloper's sense of Morris Townsend's character is biased and prejudice. Therefore there is no dichotomy in Dr. Sloper, and the novel does prove to be morally simple. Works Cited Hall, Donald. Afterword. Washington Square. By Henry James. New York: Penguin, 1979. James, Henry. Washington Square. New York: Penguin, 1979.

Consequences of Syrian Conflict Essay

*Syria is now mired in an armed conflict between forces loyal to President Bashar al Asad and rebel fighters opposed to his rule. -Since major unrest began in March 2011, various reports suggest that between 22,000 and 25,000 Syrians have been killed. -U.S. officials and many analysts believe that President Bashar al Asad, his family members, and his other supporters will ultimately be forced from power, but few offer specific, credible timetables for a resolution to Syria’s ongoing crisis. -In the face of intense domestic and international pressure calling for political change and for an end to violence against civilians, the Asad government offered limited reforms while also meeting protests and armed attacks with overwhelming force. -Nonviolent protests continued, but their apparent futility created frustration and anger within the opposition ranks. -An increasing number of Syrian civilians have taken up arms in self-defense, although armed rebel attacks alienate some potential supporters. -The government accuses the opposition of carrying out bombings and assassinations targeting security infrastructure, security personnel, and civilians in Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, and other areas. -Accounts of human rights abuses by both sides persist, with the majority attributed to security forces and military units. Backgrounds *Syrians have long struggled with many of the same challenges that have bred deep dissatisfaction in other Arab autocracies, including high unemployment, high inflation, limited upward mobility, rampant corruption, lack of political freedoms, and repressive security forces. -These factors have fueled opposition to Syria’s authoritarian government, which has been dominated by the Baath (Renaissance) Party since 1963, and the Al Asad family since 1970. -President Bashar al Asad’s father—Hafiz al Asad—ruled the country from 1970 until his death in 2000. *Since taking office in 2000, President Asad has offered and retracted the prospect of limited political reform, while aligning his government with Iran and non-state actors such as Hamas and Hezbollah in a complex rivalry with the United States and its Arab and non-Arab allies (including Israel). -Syria’s long-standing partnership with Russia has remained intact and is now the focus of intense diplomatic attention because Russia is one of the regime’s only remaining defenders. -As unrest emerged in other Arab countries in early 2011, Asad and many observers mistakenly believed that Syria’s pervasive police state and the population’s fear of sectarian violence would serve as a bulwark against the outbreak of turmoil. -Limited calls in February 2011 to organize reform protests failed, but the government’s torture of children involved in an isolated incident in the southern town of Dara’a in March provided a decisive spark for the emergence of demonstrations. -The use of force against demonstrators in Dara’a and later in other cities created a corresponding swell in public anger and public participation in protests. -The government organized large counterdemonstrations. -For much of 2011 and early 2012, a cycle of tension and violence intensified, as President Asad and his government paired limited reform gestures with the use of military force against protestors and armed opposition groups. -Violence was initially limited to certain locations but now has affected most major cities, including Damascus and Aleppo. -Members of different elites may seek compromise with the opposition, but there has been little public dissent from top regime figures. -Defections from the armed forces and from the political and business elites continue, and international sanctions and the disruptions of the conflict are creating hardship for ordinary Syrians. -As the conflict has dragged on, protestors and opposition fighters have defiantly resisted government crackdowns, in spite of the arrest of thousands of citizens and documented cases of torture and regime-instigated massacres. -The regime argues that opposition violence and abuses make a negotiated solution impossible, and President Asad refuses to leave power. -In an August 2012 report, the United Nations Human Rights Council commission of inquiry on Syria found: 2 reasonable grounds to believe that Government forces and the Shabbiha( is a term used in the context of the Syrian civil war to describe armed men in civilian clothing who assault protesters against the government of President Bashar Al-Assad.) had committed the crimes against humanity of murder and of torture, war crimes and gross violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, including unlawful killing, torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, sexual violence, indiscriminate attack, pillaging and destruction of property . -The commission found reasonable grounds to believe that war crimes, including murder, extrajudicial execution and torture, had been perpetrated by organized anti-Government armed groups. Consequences *Latest news from Syria shows that the West is not going to stop, continuing efforts to consolidate the â€Å"opposition† and give the military resistance more centralized character, with the division into districts and Action Front of the rebel army. *At the same time, the regular army of Syria increasingly showing signs of weakening. *Actually,the consequences of the fall of the Syrian regime are significantly differentiated for Russia, China and Iran but more vulnerable to such threats is the Islamic Republic, however a detailed consideration of these issues is beyond the scope of this article. -One can only assume that at the critical point, these countries are more prefer to engage in a post-conflict settlement of fragmented Syria, which will allow them to maintain a semblance of respect for their interests and lost regional role and influence, rather than spending more resources to preserve the regime. *Meanwhile, the consequences of military action in Syria, regardless of the outcome, can have an impact on the situation in Central Asia and in particular in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and then create the conditions for the tension in Xinjiang along the entire borders of these countries. *Now in Syria, according to public information, in addition to the Free Syrian Army and various local rebel groups there are several number of groups of jihadist orientation, fighting in the ranks of the representatives of the Arab countries, as well as immigrants from Europe and other regions of the world, representing essentially gang mercenaries, under the auspices of the West, Turkey and the Arab monarchies. -But, for the countries of Central Asia, as well as Russia and China, should be of particular concern the so-called group of â€Å"Dzhebat al Nusra† (Jabhat al-Nusra=(â€Å"The Support Front for the People of Syria†), is a militant group operating in Syria.) or â€Å"Al-Nusra front to protect the Levant.† *According to the latest information, in the ranks of this group, which is considered by many experts as branch of al-Qaeda, involved citizens of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (natives of the North Caucasus), as well as citizens of the China (ethnic Uighurs). (Rim(8090))

Banking in a Digital Age - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1921 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Q1. What types of Information Systems and business processes were used by NTUC before migrating to the new digital systems? What were the problems associated with the old systems? Before migrating to the digital systems, NTUC Income relied on EBao Technology. This consisted of: HP3000 mainframe hosted the core insurance applications as well as the accounting and management information system. The COBOL program maintained by Incomeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in-house IT team. One of the issues observed with the old system was the Business process, transaction processing for policy Underwriting was a batch process and information was not available to agents and advisors in real time. Voluminous documents were manually sorted and stored in warehouse, retrieval of same took days to accomplish resulting in lost opportunities and cross sales. Another concern with COBOL was launching new products ranged from a few weeks to months resulting in decreased productivity and revenue and wasted manpower hours. The HP 3000 frequently crashed coupled with hardware failures resulted in many downtime days. Incomplete daily data was a costly and tedious process. The biggest difficulty faced was the many possible breaches in data protection resulting from their systems reliance on paper forms and manual storage and retrieval of all documents. Q2. Describe the digital systems capabilities at NTUC after migrating to the new system. How did the systems resolv e their problems? Explain. NTUC was in a crisis and needed to change. In order to power engines forward, they used Digital Systems. Best energy is a crisis. (Stapleton, Digitial technology in financial services, 2015) Income switched to the Java-based eBao Life system in 2003. This new software comprised three subsystems. Policy Administration, Sales Management and Supplementary Resources. This change from paper to digital systems immediately solved the problem of agents accessing clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ files in real time. This resulted in the many cross sell opportunities that were previously lost, being opened up. (See fig 1)[1] It also allowed Tan to push his company forward in terms of generating business as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“telecommuting staff members had faster access to information, almost as fast as those in the office.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Stapleton, NTUC Income, 2015)This push forward by Tan is a prime example of good customer relationship management as it addresse s all their marketing sales and services with their customer at the core. (see fig 2)[2] (Laudon and Laudon, 2014) The improved methods for generating business had an instantaneous effect on NTUCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profitability as is evident in the case study. The new digital system vastly improved the process of developing and launching new products. The company moved from waiting weeks or months for a product launch to just a few days with the new system. Coupled with accessing customer information in real time this allowed targeted smart selling practices, selling the customer what they needed rather than product pushing. (Bibby, 2012) The HP 3000 systems meant agents of NTUC were frequently experiencing system failures resulting in lost revenue and a loss of trust in their system. The eBao technology solved two of the issues NTUC were facing. Firstly a real à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" time hot back up disaster recovery centre was implemented, meaning in the event of a system failu re operations could be switched quickly to the disaster recovery site without the need to rely on the restoration of previous day data (Stapleton, NTUC Income, 2015). Secondly, with the destruction of paper forms and storage systems in favour of online alternatives and a hot back up recovery centre, the company are less likely to breach data protection laws. Q3 Speculate on how the new digital systems provided a basis for the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Orangeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  strategy. Could Orange have been possible with the old systems? Explain. The new digital systems provided an opportunity for Income that Tan Suee Chieh seized with both hands. He had foresight to realise Big Data is what a company needs to provide tailored products to its consumers (Brad Brown, 2011). Although what NTUC had access to would not be considered Big Data in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s digital world, it was a major step up from the paper based system they had. Tan began the transformation to digital systems by first introducing what he called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“cultural revolution.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In response to the success of his company he responded à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it rested on cultural change, and by culture I mean peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitudes and behaviour. We were extremely strong in values like trust, but we needed to be much better in terms of professionalism and adopting a more dynamic or commercial approach towards running the business.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Bibby, 2012) Tan understood that as a leader he needed to change the culture within his organisation, however he realised in order to do this he could not look at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“changing cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  instead he needed to focus on a business problem and then assess how culture within the company would help or hinder this (Schein, 1985). With Income, the problem was obvious, their dated storage and paper based systems were holding them back from becoming the world leading insurer Tan envisioned. Tan used his four yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ experience from Incomes board of directors and his twenty yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ experience with Prudential to aid his assessment of culture within the company (Bibby, 2012). Once the Cultural Revolution had been well established, Tan began his Orange revolution. This was about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“doing things differentlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“changing the rules outside the company, and change the way the game is played in the insurance industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Bibby, 2012) Orange Force was one of the first à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Orange momentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Tan had. These brightly coloured motorbikes were only made possible because of the introduction of the wireless technology system brought in to replace paper based ones. The introduction of these technologies meant systems were always accessible, a crucial feature for Orange Force who required access to customers insurance records at the roadside. Orange Speak is centred on putting customer needs first and ensuring customers get a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair dealà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This aspect of the orange revolution focuses on customer centricity, a factor that is still promoted on the Income website. They promote the fact their 7 branches assist 1,400 walk in customers and 2,500 phone calls on a daily basis. These interactions are aided by the fact any advisor can access customer records quickly and securely to deal with each customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s individual need. Orange Speak is another aspect of orange revolution that would not be possible without digital systems. The implementation of these digital systems meant information became available to advisors in real time. This allowed for opportunities to cross-sell according to consumer needs and only target products consumers needed not the ones that helped agents meet their sales targets. Income were now able to become smart in the way they handled their data, they could now pair advisors and customers according to need and specialism, a chore that would have been arduous with a paper based system. In recent years, orange revolution has focussed on expanding its value added services such as the motor service centre and their new born gift initiative (Income, 2015). The abolishment of paper in favour of digital has clearly improved profits at Income (Stapleton, NTUC Income, 2015). By reinvesting some of these profits back into his company in the form of Value Added Services, Tan is ensuring his company remains a global leader and maintains their reputation of putting the customer first. Q4. Set out three important lessons for Irish retail banking can be drawn from the NTUC case study. What are the implications of these lessons for your bank? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Banking in a Digital Age" essay for you Create order CUSTOMER CENTRIC. Clearly evident from the Case study, prior to the migration to the digital web-based system, NTUC customer care was low priority. From inception to execution the customer process was tedious, lengthy and impersonal. The client profile was minimal resulting in staff being unable to ascertain whether the prospect was new or existing. NTUC had the foresight to acknowledge that change was needed to ensure success. In a recent recorded lecture on the topic of CRM, Dr Larry Stapleton said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“what we want to be able to do is track and analyse how the firm interacts with its customers.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  NTUC has provided us with the evidence that this methodology is something that must be considered to the highest degree by businesses in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s environment. (Stapleton, Digital Systems and the Customer: Customer Relationship Management Systems 1, 2015) The implications of this for our Bank are that in order to survive and gain the competitive edge, we need to prioritise the customer each time every time. Our competitors can offer similar products and price and promote online switching deals, however, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through service and anticipating their needs that will gain us the edge and win. We need to have a deep understanding of our customers and have the ability to analyse vast amounts of data on their behalf. DIGITALISE By moving from paper based HP3000 to the online digital systems of Ebao, NTUC have significantly improved the security of their clients data. All forms are now stored digitally and are backed up electronically reducing the risk of loss and misplacement. A study by Galliher et al in 2008 gives strength to the argument that NTUC are now less at risk of security breaches by using digital forms. Galliher compared results of 60 volunteers, 30 completing paper forms and 30 completing electronic, the results showed only 3% of those gathered electronically had errors, compared to 35% of those gathered on paper. (James M. Galliher, 2008) Currently, our bank still relies on paper based lending applications prior to submission for approval. These forms then have to be manually filed into binders by advisors. This provides numerous opportunities for error, omission and misplacement. The department for finance has since 2009 been promoting paperless banking, heralding the work of Danske B ank who went completely paperless in 2006 and reaped the rewards in terms of cost saving and improved customer satisfaction. (Finance, 2009) INTREGATION OF SYSTEMS By moving to their new platform Income clearly had set a strategy to achieve Competitive advantage and by applying Michael Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competitive forces we can undoubtedly understand the importance of the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s environment. (Fig 3[3]) The single view approach facilitated more products and coupled with the customer centric design ensured New Entrants and Customer forces were complied with as now the profiling could distinguish whether the clients were new of existing. By providing a platform for New Orange strategy, this gave the very important competitive edge and improved customer service. Through the integration of NTUCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s systems, they were successful in irradiating Porters five forces. This is a lesson we could look into in our bank as the threat of substitution, new entry, competitive rivalry and supplier power are still a very real issue for us. Bibliography Bibby, A. (2012). Profile of a chief executive. Voice Magazine. Brad Brown, M. C. (2011). Are you ready for the era of big data? McKinsey Quarterly. Department of Finance. (2009, 06 05). Finance gov ie. Retrieved from https://www.finance.gov.ie/sites/default/files/NIBrespon09_0.pdf James M. Galliher, T. V. (2008). Data Collection Outcomes Comparing Paper Forms With PDA Forms in an Office Based Patient Survey. Annals of Family Medicine, 154-160. Kennetch C. Laudon, J. P. (2012). Management information systems. Harlow: Pearson. NTUC Income. (2015, Apr 01). NTUC Income. Retrieved from https://www.income.com.sg/ Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Stapleton, D. L. (2015). Digital Systems and the Customer: Customer Relationship Management Systems 1. Banking in a Digital Age. Dublin: Institute of Bankers. Stapleton, L. (2015, February Sat 7th). Digitial technology in financial services. Dublin: Institute of Bankers. Stapleton, L. (2015). NTUC Income. Dublin: Institute of Bankers. [1] Diagram taken and adapted from Laudon and Laudon, 2014 page 385 [2] Diagram taken and adapted from Laudon and Laudon, 2014 page 382 [3] Diagram taken and adapted from Laudon and Laudon, 2014 page 124 and 125